Technical manual cultivation of carrots
Monday 24 November 2014
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Carrots (Daucus carota L.) is taken tuber vegetable crops. Bulbs bright orange carrots, taste savory, crunchy and slightly sweet. This vegetable is known as a source of vitamin A, in addition to the carrots also contain a lot of vitamin B and vitamin C.
Judging from the shape, there are three types of carrots. First, the type of imperator. Tubers round and long, pointy end, there are root fibers in the tuber. Second, the type of chantenay. Rounded tuber and root fibers of the net long, blunt tend rounded edges. Third, the type of nantes. The nature and form a mixture of the two types above.
The most suitable carrot cultivation in the highlands with an altitude of over 1000 meters above sea level. Nevertheless, the cultivation of carrots can still be carried out on land above 500 meters above sea level. Carrot plants like soil that contains a lot of humus and loose with acidity between pH 5.5-6.5.
Tillage cultivation of carrots
The land for the cultivation of carrots should be plowed or dug as deep as approximately 40 cm. The depth is very important given the carrot crop will be harvested tubers. Loose soil gives flexibility to the tubers to grow to perfection.
Cultivation of carrots on hard ground structure will inhibit the growth of tubers. Tuber shape becomes short and grow branches on tuber weight.
After soil digemburkan make beds with a width of one meter and a length adapted to the shape of the land. A height of about 20-30 cm beds. When forming beds, mix compost or manure as fertilizer base. The dose of fertilizer as much as 15-20 tons per hectare. Total precisely adjust the level of soil fertility.
Create an array on the surface of the beds to sow the seeds. The distance between the bolt 20 cm with a depth of about 5 cm.
Planting seeds of carrots
Planting seeds in carrot cultivation can be done directly, without prior seeding stage. Needs carrot seeds for cultivation of approximately 3-5 kg per hectare.
Carrot seed derived from seeds, small shape and tend to stick to because it has fibers like bristles on its surface. So, before sowing rub palms prior to the seeds from sticking together. Or, mix the ashes on the seed.
Sprinkle seeds on the array and then cover with soil. If dry land flush bit to keep the humidity. Carrot plants will grow after 10 days.
Maintenance of plant carrots
Supplementary fertilization is given after one month old plants. For the cultivation of organic carrots, use compost or manure. It could also implement an organic liquid fertilizer or biofertilizer. Seedbed surface sown compost around the plant. The dose is 10-15 kg per hectare.
For the cultivation of non-organic carrots, use a mixture of urea and KCl in the ratio 2: 1 300 kg per hectare. Sown fertilizer application in the form of grooves within 5 cm from the base of the plant.
In addition to doing well fertilization weeding and thinning of plants. To be perfectly tuber growth, adjust the spacing of plants so that the distance between one plant to another range of 5-10 cm.
Pests and diseases
The most common pests in the cultivation of carrots are ground caterpillars and aphids. Caterpillars of land can be eradicated by finding the nest, and then taken manually and exterminated. Do it in the morning.
To prevent infestations, keep always clean land and siangi weed regularly. When the attack raged, could use a pesticide Furadan.
Aphids attack the leaf to suck fluid and deform the leaves become curly. To control aphids do crop rotation in order to cut off its life cycle. Spraying can use insecticides.
While the disease often affects the cultivation of carrots are leaf spots and nodules. Leaf spots caused by a fungus Cercospora. This disease attacks the old leaves, symptoms such as brown spots edged with black.
Leaf spot disease can be controlled by choosing healthy seeds or seeds treated with a solution of fungicide in advance. To reduce the risk of leaf spot disease, keep always clean the garden.
Nodule disease caused by nematodes. Symptoms tubers form lumps abysmally. Prevention can be done with crop rotation. Rotate crops with other different types of families. Chemical spraying is applied nematicides.
How to harvest cultivation of carrots
Carrot cultivation farm can have captured the results after 3 months counting from the seeds planted. Harvesting time should be properly addressed. If the plant is too old tuber texture becomes hard and unpleasant taste.
How to harvest done with revoked. Then wash or wipe dirt soil attached to the bulb with clean water. Dipangkal stem tubers can be cut or left. Depending on the target market wants.
Raising carrots are done well can produce 20-30 tons per hectare. Depending on the types and varieties of carrots were planted.
Judging from the shape, there are three types of carrots. First, the type of imperator. Tubers round and long, pointy end, there are root fibers in the tuber. Second, the type of chantenay. Rounded tuber and root fibers of the net long, blunt tend rounded edges. Third, the type of nantes. The nature and form a mixture of the two types above.
The most suitable carrot cultivation in the highlands with an altitude of over 1000 meters above sea level. Nevertheless, the cultivation of carrots can still be carried out on land above 500 meters above sea level. Carrot plants like soil that contains a lot of humus and loose with acidity between pH 5.5-6.5.
Tillage cultivation of carrots
The land for the cultivation of carrots should be plowed or dug as deep as approximately 40 cm. The depth is very important given the carrot crop will be harvested tubers. Loose soil gives flexibility to the tubers to grow to perfection.
Cultivation of carrots on hard ground structure will inhibit the growth of tubers. Tuber shape becomes short and grow branches on tuber weight.
After soil digemburkan make beds with a width of one meter and a length adapted to the shape of the land. A height of about 20-30 cm beds. When forming beds, mix compost or manure as fertilizer base. The dose of fertilizer as much as 15-20 tons per hectare. Total precisely adjust the level of soil fertility.
Create an array on the surface of the beds to sow the seeds. The distance between the bolt 20 cm with a depth of about 5 cm.
Planting seeds of carrots
Planting seeds in carrot cultivation can be done directly, without prior seeding stage. Needs carrot seeds for cultivation of approximately 3-5 kg per hectare.
Carrot seed derived from seeds, small shape and tend to stick to because it has fibers like bristles on its surface. So, before sowing rub palms prior to the seeds from sticking together. Or, mix the ashes on the seed.
Sprinkle seeds on the array and then cover with soil. If dry land flush bit to keep the humidity. Carrot plants will grow after 10 days.
Maintenance of plant carrots
Supplementary fertilization is given after one month old plants. For the cultivation of organic carrots, use compost or manure. It could also implement an organic liquid fertilizer or biofertilizer. Seedbed surface sown compost around the plant. The dose is 10-15 kg per hectare.
For the cultivation of non-organic carrots, use a mixture of urea and KCl in the ratio 2: 1 300 kg per hectare. Sown fertilizer application in the form of grooves within 5 cm from the base of the plant.
In addition to doing well fertilization weeding and thinning of plants. To be perfectly tuber growth, adjust the spacing of plants so that the distance between one plant to another range of 5-10 cm.
Pests and diseases
The most common pests in the cultivation of carrots are ground caterpillars and aphids. Caterpillars of land can be eradicated by finding the nest, and then taken manually and exterminated. Do it in the morning.
To prevent infestations, keep always clean land and siangi weed regularly. When the attack raged, could use a pesticide Furadan.
Aphids attack the leaf to suck fluid and deform the leaves become curly. To control aphids do crop rotation in order to cut off its life cycle. Spraying can use insecticides.
While the disease often affects the cultivation of carrots are leaf spots and nodules. Leaf spots caused by a fungus Cercospora. This disease attacks the old leaves, symptoms such as brown spots edged with black.
Leaf spot disease can be controlled by choosing healthy seeds or seeds treated with a solution of fungicide in advance. To reduce the risk of leaf spot disease, keep always clean the garden.
Nodule disease caused by nematodes. Symptoms tubers form lumps abysmally. Prevention can be done with crop rotation. Rotate crops with other different types of families. Chemical spraying is applied nematicides.
How to harvest cultivation of carrots
Carrot cultivation farm can have captured the results after 3 months counting from the seeds planted. Harvesting time should be properly addressed. If the plant is too old tuber texture becomes hard and unpleasant taste.
How to harvest done with revoked. Then wash or wipe dirt soil attached to the bulb with clean water. Dipangkal stem tubers can be cut or left. Depending on the target market wants.
Raising carrots are done well can produce 20-30 tons per hectare. Depending on the types and varieties of carrots were planted.
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Judul: Technical manual cultivation of carrots
Ditulis oleh Lajuardy Hardian
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